Continuing the tradition of Renaissance classicism was also a kind of antithesis, as well as the loss of Renaissance harmony, unity and a sense of reason has been lost and the world trend of aesthetic experiences as a harmonious whole. Concepts such as identity and society, man and nature, nature and consciousness, in classicism polarized, are mutually exclusive, that it pulls together (while maintaining all radical stylistic differences) with the Baroque, also imbued universal consciousness rift created by the crisis Renaissance ideals.
Usually distinguished classicist at 17. Classicism and 18 - the beginning of the 19 century. (the latter often referred to criticism of neo-classicism), but in Plastic
Art classicism trend has emerged in the 2 - 16 in the second half. Italy - in architectural theory and practice of Palladio, theoretical treatises Vinoly, S. Serlio; more consistently - in the works J. P. Bellori (17 at.), as well as aesthetic ste Bologna academic school. However, in the 17 century. Classicism, flying in the islands polemical conjunction with the Baroque, only in the French artistic culture in a holistic style system. In the bosom of French culture and classicism predominantly formed in 18. That has become a pan-European style. The underlying basis of aesthetic principles of classicism rationalism (the same as defined ideas of Philosophy and R. Dekart ), the vision of artistic works as a fruit of reason and logic, pompesy of chaos and turnover perceived sense of life. Aesthetic values of classicism has only continued. Attaching great importance to public functions arts classicism raises new ethical standards that form the image of his heroes: resistance to the vagaries of fate and cruelty of life, the subordination of personal general, passions - debt reason, the supreme interests of society, the laws of the universe. Targeting a reasonable start, the eternal samples and identified classicist aesthetics requirements, the regulation of artistic rules, strict hierarchy of genres - from “high” (historical, mythological, religious) to “low” or “small” (landscape, portrait, still life) ; every genre had strict border informative and clear signs of formality. Consolidate theoretical doctrines classicism promoted activities based in Paris Royal academies - painting and sculpture (1648) and architecture (1671).
Architecture in general classicism inherent logic design and geometrizm bulk form. Permanent treatment architects classicism to the heritage of antique architecture not only imply the use of its individual elements and motives, but what has the general laws and its architecture. The foundation arhiturnogo language of classicism became a warrant, in the forms and proportions close to antiquity than in previous eras of architecture in buildings used it in a way that does not eclipse the overall structure of buildings, but it becomes thin and cautious accompaniment. Interior classicism inherent spatial clarity chleneny, softness colors. Widely using monumental-Decorative Painting promising effects wizard classicism otedinyali fundamentally illusory space from the reality. Urban Classicism in 17. Genetically related to the principles of Renaissance and Baroque actively developed (in the plans fortresses), the concept of “ideal city” has created a type of residence (Versailles). In 2 - and sex. in 18. develop new techniques planning for the urban organic compounds with the elements of nature, the creation of open space, the space Converged street or embankment. Subtleties concise decor, the appropriateness forms an intrinsic relationship with nature inherent in buildings (mostly suburban villa and palace) representatives palladianstva 18 - beg. 19 centuries.
Tectonic clarity architecture classicism meets razgranichennost clear plans in sculpture and painting. Plastic classicism is usually calculated on a fixed view for different forms. Moment in traffic figures in posture usually does not violate their plastich and calm. In painting classicist form the basic elements - line and chiaroscuro (especially in the late classicist when painting sometimes tends to monohromate, and graphics - to clean lines); local color clearly identifies objects and landscape plans (brown - for Short, green - for the average, blue - for the long-range plans), which brings the spatial composition of the work to the songs of the picturesque scenic sites.
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